The EUR/USD exchange rate declined to around 1.1401 on Wednesday, nearing levels last seen in late July, following stronger-than-expected US PMI data that boosted expectations for further Federal Reserve rate hikes, according to FX Street.

Fed Governor Michael Barr indicated that additional interest rate increases are likely necessary to ensure a timely return to the Fed’s 2% inflation target, reinforcing market sentiment toward a more hawkish monetary policy stance.

For Japanese investors, these developments highlight the ongoing impact of US monetary policy shifts on currency markets, influencing FX strategies and equity valuations amid global economic uncertainties.